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Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testing is non destructive technique which is used to check the quality of Concrete, In this method of testing we identify internal cracks, voids, strength and compaction quality of the concrete structure.  In this method we find out the velocity of pulse inside the concrete.   The higher velocity shows the good quality and lower velocity shows the bad quality of Concrete.     Velocity can be calculated by formula:-  (V)  =   Distance b/w trns. & rcvr. (L)    /                     Reading of machine or time take                                      by pulse (t) There are three methods of Ultrasonic pulse velocity technique.   1:- Direct Method 2:- Semi Direct Method  3:- Indirect Method 1:- Direct Method:-   This method is more relaibale and accurate. In this method we place the tansducer on one end and on other end we place the receiver. As shown in Image:-  2:- Semi Direct Method:-  This method is not as accurate as direct Method,

Cement:-  Cement is a building material, which is used as a binding material in construction work. It has cohesive and adhesive properties. Types of Cement   Pozzulana Cemen White Cement White Cement Quick Setting Cement Rapid hardening Of Cement Low Heat Cement  Expanding Cement High Alumina Cement Blast Furnace Cement Acid Resistant Cement Sulphate Resistant Cement Fly ash blended Cement 1:-  Pozzulana Cement :  Pozzulana is a volcanic power found in Italy. It can be processed from shales and certain types of clay also. In this cement pozzulana material is 10 to 30 per cent. It can resist action of sulphate. It releases less heat during setting. It imparts higher degree of water tightness. Its tensile strength is high but compressive strength is low. It is used for mass concrete works. It is also used in sewage line works.   2:-    White Cement :  The cement when made free from colouring oxides of iron, maganese and chlorium results into white cement. In the manufacture o

A bridge  is a man made structure built to avoid physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a valley,  body of water, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise. Types of Bridges:-    There are basically five types of Bridges. 1:- Suspension Bridge 2:- Cable Stayed Bridge 3:- Beam Bridge 4:- Truss Bridge 5:- Arch Bridge   1:- Suspension Bridge:-  A suspension bridge is one of the most popular bridge designs. It features a cable support system that distributes the weight of the bridge deck between the two towers. The tension forces in the cables are converted to compression forces in the piers that then extends all the way to the ground. 2:- Cable Stayed Bridge:- Basically cable stayed bridge is a bridge that consist of one or more than one pillar with cables supporting roadbed. 3:- Beam Bridge:-   A beam bridge consists of a horizontal slab supported at each end

 Hello guys,                 In this video I am going to explain you about green building basic concepts, advantage and disadvantage of green building, how green building works.

Civil engineering  is a professional engineering in which we deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as roads, buildings, bridges, tunnel, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems etc.  A Building  is permanent or temporary structure enclosed within exterior walls and a roof, and including all attached apparatus, equipment, and fixtures that cannot be removed without cutting into ceiling, floors, or walls A road  is a long piece of hard ground which is built between two places so that people can drive or ride easily from one place to the other. A bridge  is a man made structure built to avoid physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise. A canal  is a manmade waterway that allows boats and sh

Causes of Dampness in buildings:- Dampness generally caused by: - (a) Under Ground water (b) Rain water and (c) Leakages from plumbing pipes (a) Dampness due to Under Ground  Water:   Buildings are constructed on soils. Soil holds water for a long time. Sometimes water level may rise and come in contact with foundation. Due to capillary action moisture from ground rises into foundation, floor and even in wall. (b) Rain Water:  Entering in the building components due to various reasons. (i) From wall top:  If top of wall is not protected with impervious course like concrete, water can enter the wall and keep it damp for a long time. (ii) From face of external walls:  Splashing of outer wall by rain results into moisture entering the wall. Poor plaster coat is the main source of this type of dampness.  (iii) Improper fixing of downtake pipes:  If downtake pipes from roof are not properly fixed, a thin layer of water stagnates near the mouth of downtake pipes.  This results in

Curing of Concrete Structure: Curing of Concrete Curing may be defined as the process of maintaining satisfactory moisture and temperature conditions for freshly placed concrete for some specified time for proper hardening of concrete. Curing in the early ages of concrete is more important. Curing for 14 days is very important. Better to continue it for 7 to 14 days more. If curing is not done properly, the strength of concrete reduces. Cracks develop due shrinkage. The durability of concrete structure reduces.  The following curing methods are employed:  (a) Spraying of water  (b) Covering the surface with wet gunny bags, straw etc.  (c) Ponding  (d) Steam curing and  (e) Application of curing co (a) Spraying of water:  Walls, columns, plastered surfaces are cured by sprinkling water.  (b) Wet covering the surface:   Columns and other vertical surfaces may be cured by covering the surfaces with wet gunny bags or straw.  (c) Ponding :  The horizontal surfaces like slab and floors are